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The SSCP certification exam covers seven domains of security operations and administration, including access controls, security operations and administration, risk identification, monitoring and analysis, cryptography, network and communications security, and security assessment and testing. SSCP exam is intended for professionals with one year of experience in one or more of these domains.



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ISC System Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) Sample Questions (Q1035-Q1040):

NEW QUESTION # 1035
Which of the following is the WEAKEST authentication mechanism?

* A. Passphrases
* B. Token devices
* C. Passwords
* D. One-time passwords
Answer: C

Explanation:
Most of the time users usually choose passwords which can be guessed , hence passwords is the BEST answer out of the choices listed above.
The following answers are incorrect because :
Passphrases is incorrect as it is more secure than a password because it is longer.
One-time passwords is incorrect as the name states , it is good for only once and cannot be reused.
Token devices is incorrect as this is also a password generator and is an one time password mechanism.

NEW QUESTION # 1036
Which of the following is NOT a property of the Rijndael block cipher algorithm?

* A. Maximum block size is 256 bits
* B. The key size does not have to match the block size
* C. The key sizes must be a multiple of 32 bits
* D. Maximum key size is 512 bits
Answer: D

Explanation:
Section: Cryptography
Explanation/Reference:
The above statement is NOT true and thus the correct answer. The maximum key size on Rijndael is 256 bits.
There are some differences between Rijndael and the official FIPS-197 specification for AES.
Rijndael specification per se is specified with block and key sizes that must be a multiple of 32 bits, both with a minimum of 128 and a maximum of 256 bits. Namely, Rijndael allows for both key and block sizes to be chosen independently from the set of { 128, 160, 192, 224, 256 } bits. (And the key size does not in fact have to match the block size).
However, FIPS-197 specifies that the block size must always be 128 bits in AES, and that the key size may be either 128, 192, or 256 bits. Therefore AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256 are actually:
Key Size (bits) Block Size (bits)
AES-128 128 128
AES-192 192 128
AES-256 256 128
So in short:
Rijndael and AES differ only in the range of supported values for the block length and cipher key length.
For Rijndael, the block length and the key length can be independently specified to any multiple of 32 bits, with a minimum of 128 bits, and a maximum of 256 bits.
AES fixes the block length to 128 bits, and supports key lengths of 128, 192 or 256 bits only.
References used for this question:
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/shawnfa/archive/2006/10/09/the-differences-between-rijndael-and-aes.aspx and
http://csrc.nist.gov/CryptoToolkit/aes/rijndael/Rijndael.pdf

NEW QUESTION # 1037
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) interrogates the network by sending out a?

* A. semicast.
* B. broadcast.
* C. multicast.
* D. unicast.
Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
ARP interrogates the network by sending out a broadcast seeking a network node that has a specific IP address, and asks it to reply with its hardware address. A broadcast message is sent to everyone whether or not the message was requested. A traditional unicast is a "one-to-one" or "narrowcast" message. A multicast is a "one-to-many" message that is traditionally only sent to those machine that requested the information. Semicast is an imposter answer.
Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 87.

NEW QUESTION # 1038
What is the name of the protocol use to set up and manage Security Associations (SA) for IP Security (IPSec)?

* A. Oakley
* B. Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol
* C. Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
* D. Secure Key Exchange Mechanism
Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
The Key management for IPSec is called the Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
Note: IKE underwent a series of improvements establishing IKEv2 with RFC 4306. The basis of this answer is IKEv2.
The IKE protocol is a hybrid of three other protocols: ISAKMP (Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol), Oakley and SKEME. ISAKMP provides a framework for authentication and key exchange, but does not define them (neither authentication nor key exchange). The Oakley protocol describes a series of modes for key exchange and the SKEME protocol defines key exchange techniques.
IKE-Internet Key Exchange. A hybrid protocol that implements Oakley and Skeme key exchanges inside the ISAKMP framework. IKE can be used with other protocols, but its initial implementation is with the IPSec protocol. IKE provides authentication of the IPSec peers, negotiates IPSec keys, and negotiates IPSec security associations.
IKE is implemented in accordance with RFC 2409, The Internet Key Exchange.
The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) security protocol is a key management protocol standard that is used in conjunction with the IPSec standard. IPSec can be configured without IKE, but IKE enhances IPSec by providing additional features, flexibility, and ease of configuration for the IPSec standard.
IKE is a hybrid protocol that implements the Oakley key exchange and the SKEME key exchange inside the Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) framework. (ISAKMP, Oakley, and SKEME are security protocols implemented by IKE.)
IKE automatically negotiates IPSec security associations (SAs) and enables IPSec secure communications without costly manual preconfiguration. Specifically, IKE provides these benefits:
*Eliminates the need to manually specify all the IPSec security parameters in the crypto maps at both peers.
*Allows you to specify a lifetime for the IPSec security association.
*Allows encryption keys to change during IPSec sessions.
*Allows IPSec to provide anti-replay services.
*Permits certification authority (CA) support for a manageable, scalable IPSec implementation.
*Allows dynamic authentication of peers.
About ISAKMP
The Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) is a framework that defines the phases for establishing a secure relationship and support for negotiation of security attributes, it does not establish sessions keys by itself, it is used along with the Oakley session key establishment protocol. The Secure Key Exchange Mechanism (SKEME) describes a secure exchange mechanism and Oakley defines the modes of operation needed to establish a secure connection.
ISAKMP provides a framework for Internet key management and provides the specific protocol support for negotiation of security attributes. Alone, it does not establish session keys. However it can be used with various session key establishment protocols, such as Oakley, to provide a complete solution to Internet key management.
About Oakley
The Oakley protocol uses a hybrid Diffie-Hellman technique to establish session keys on Internet hosts and routers. Oakley provides the important security property of Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) and is based on cryptographic techniques that have survived substantial public scrutiny. Oakley can be used by itself, if no attribute negotiation is needed, or Oakley can be used in conjunction with ISAKMP. When ISAKMP is used with Oakley, key escrow is not feasible.
The ISAKMP and Oakley protocols have been combined into a hybrid protocol. The resolution of ISAKMP with Oakley uses the framework of ISAKMP to support a subset of Oakley key exchange modes. This new key exchange protocol provides optional PFS, full security association attribute negotiation, and authentication methods that provide both repudiation and non-repudiation. Implementations of this protocol can be used to establish VPNs and also allow for users from remote sites (who may have a dynamically allocated IP address) access to a secure network.
About IPSec
The IETF's IPSec Working Group develops standards for IP-layer security mechanisms for both IPv4 and IPv6. The group also is developing generic key management protocols for use on the Internet. For more information, refer to the IP Security and Encryption Overview.
IPSec is a framework of open standards developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that provides security for transmission of sensitive information over unprotected networks such as the Internet.
It acts at the network level and implements the following standards:
IPSec
Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
Data Encryption Standard (DES)
MD5 (HMAC variant)
SHA (HMAC variant)
Authentication Header (AH)
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
IPSec services provide a robust security solution that is standards-based. IPSec also provides data authentication and anti-replay services in addition to data confidentiality services.
For more information regarding IPSec, refer to the chapter "Configuring IPSec Network Security." About SKEME
SKEME constitutes a compact protocol that supports a variety of realistic scenarios and security models over Internet. It provides clear tradeoffs between security and performance as required by the different scenarios without incurring in unnecessary system complexity. The protocol supports key exchange based on public key, key distribution centers, or manual installation, and provides for fast and secure key refreshment. In addition, SKEME selectively provides perfect forward secrecy, allows for replaceability and negotiation of the underlying cryptographic primitives, and addresses privacy issues as anonymity and repudiatability
SKEME's basic mode is based on the use of public keys and a Diffie-Hellman shared secret generation.
However, SKEME is not restricted to the use of public keys, but also allows the use of a pre-shared key.
This key can be obtained by manual distribution or by the intermediary of a key distribution center (KDC) such as Kerberos.
In short, SKEME contains four distinct modes:
Basic mode, which provides a key exchange based on public keys and ensures PFS thanks to Diffie- Hellman.
A key exchange based on the use of public keys, but without Diffie-Hellman.
A key exchange based on the use of a pre-shared key and on Diffie-Hellman.
A mechanism of fast rekeying based only on symmetrical algorithms.
In addition, SKEME is composed of three phases: SHARE, EXCH and AUTH.
During the SHARE phase, the peers exchange half-keys, encrypted with their respective public keys.
These two half-keys are used to compute a secret key K. If anonymity is wanted, the identities of the two peers are also encrypted. If a shared secret already exists, this phase is skipped.
The exchange phase (EXCH) is used, depending on the selected mode, to exchange either Diffie- Hellman public values or nonces. The Diffie-Hellman shared secret will only be computed after the end of the exchanges.
The public values or nonces are authenticated during the authentication phase (AUTH), using the secret key established during the SHARE phase.
The messages from these three phases do not necessarily follow the order described above; in actual practice they are combined to minimize the number of exchanged messages.
References used for this question:
Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 4: Cryptography (page 172).
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4306
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4301
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Key_Exchange
CISCO ISAKMP and OAKLEY information
CISCO Configuring Internet Key Exchange Protocol
http://www.hsc.fr/ressources/articles/ipsec-tech/index.html.en

NEW QUESTION # 1039
Application Layer Firewalls operate at the:

* A. OSI protocol Layer seven, the Application Layer.
* B. OSI protocol Layer four, the Transport Layer.
* C. OSI protocol Layer six, the Presentation Layer.
* D. OSI protocol Layer five, the Session Layer.
Answer: A

Explanation:
Since the application layer firewall makes decisions based on application-layer information in the packet, it operates at the application layer of the OSI stack.
"OSI protocol layer 6, the presentation layer" is incorrect. The application layer firewall must have access to the application layer information in the packet and therefore operates at the application layer.
"OSI protocol layer 5, the session layer" is incorrect. The application layer firewall must have access to the application layer information in the packet and therefore operates at the application layer.
"OSI protocol layer 4, the transport layer" is incorrect. The application layer firewall must have access to the application layer information in the packet and therefore operates at the application layer.

NEW QUESTION # 1040
......

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